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       T R O U B L E D   C O M P A N Y   R E P O R T E R

                 L A T I N   A M E R I C A

          Wednesday, March 30, 2022, Vol. 23, No. 58

                           Headlines



A R G E N T I N A

ARGENTINA: Bank Raises Key Rate to 44.5% as Inflation Heats Up
ARGENTINA: Club Debt Payment Postponement Gives Breathing Room


B R A Z I L

LOJAS AMERICANAS: Fitch Withdraws 'BB' Foreign Currency IDR


C H I L E

LATAM AIRLINES: Process Moves Forward After Disclosures Okayed


C O S T A   R I C A

COSTA RICA: Gets $284 Million Loan Disbursement From IMF


D O M I N I C A N   R E P U B L I C

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Foreign Labor Sustains Agriculture Sector


E C U A D O R

[*] ECUADOR: National Assembly Rejects Investment Law


P A N A M A

ENA NORTE: S&P Affirms 'BB+' Rating on $600MM Notes, Outlook Stable


P A R A G U A Y

PARAGUAY: To Compensate Fuel Prices With Taxes

                           - - - - -


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A R G E N T I N A
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ARGENTINA: Bank Raises Key Rate to 44.5% as Inflation Heats Up
--------------------------------------------------------------
Patrick Gillespie at Bloomberg News reports that Argentina's
Central Bank raised its benchmark rate for the third time this year
as inflation continues to speed up.

Officials increased the key, 28-day Leliq rate by 200 basis points
to 44.5%, according to a statement, reports Bloomberg News.  The
announcement comes after President Alberto Fernandez declared a
"war on inflation", adding days later that the government will take
"all necessary measures" to combat price increases, the report
notes.

Government data showed consumer prices in February rose 4.7% from
January, the fastest monthly pace in nearly a year and the third
straight month of higher inflation, Bloomberg News says.  

Raising borrowing costs above Argentina's 52% annual inflation rate
is a pillar of the monetary policy the government agreed upon in
its pending program with the International Monetary Fund, the
report notes.  The rate increase boosts the effective annual rate,
which accounts for compounded interest, to 53.3%, the report
relays.

Policy makers at the Central Bank consider that the effective
annual rate is the one that needs to exceed inflation to comply
with the IMF's goal of positive rates, the report discloses.

After not raising borrowing costs for a year despite high
inflation, the government's IMF agreement has made the Central Bank
shift its inflation strategy, the report relates.  Along with
raising rates, the monetary authority has committed to printing
less money this year to finance government spending, the report
adds.

                       About Argentina

Argentina is a country located mostly in the southern half of South
America.  Its capital is Buenos Aires. Alberto Angel Fernandez is
the current president of Argentina after winning the October 2019
general election. He succeeded Mauricio Macri in the position.

Argentina has the third largest economy in Latin America.  The
country's economy is an upper middle-income economy for fiscal year
2019, according to the World Bank. Historically, however, its
economic performance has been very uneven, with high economic
growth alternating with severe recessions, income maldistribution
and in the recent decades, increasing poverty.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Argentina stands at CCC+ with
stable outlook, which was a rating upgrade issued on Sept. 8,
2020.

Moody's credit rating for Argentina was last set at Ca on Sept.
28, 2020.  Fitch's credit rating for Argentina was last reported on
Sept. 11, 2020 at CCC, which was a rating upgrade from CC.  DBRS'
credit rating for Argentina is CCC, given on Sept. 11, 2020.  

As reported by The Troubled Company Reporter - Latin American, DBRS
noted that the recent upgrade in Argentina's ratings (September
2020) follows the closing of two debt restructuring agreements
between the Argentine government and private creditors.  The first
restructuring involved $65 billion in foreign-law bonds.  The deal
achieved the requisite participation necessary to trigger the
collective action clauses and finalize the restructuring on 99% on
the aggregate principal outstanding of eligible bonds.  DBRS added
that the debt restructurings conclude a prolonged default and
provide the government with substantial principal and interest
payment relief over the next four years.

Argentina obtained on March 25, 2022, approval from the Executive
Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) of a 30-month
extended arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF)
amounting to SDR 31.914 billion (equivalent to US$44 billion).
Under the new terms, Argentina secured a much-needed grace period
that postpones repayment of its debt. However, IMF warned of
exceptionally high risks to the program.

ARGENTINA: Club Debt Payment Postponement Gives Breathing Room
--------------------------------------------------------------
Buenos Aires Times Online reports that Argentina's government has
secured an extension of an agreement with the Paris Club group of
rich nations that allows it to postpone an imminent payment of
about US$2 billion.

The postponement, agreed before the International Monetary Fund's
Executive Board votes on a new credit program to restructure
Argentina's US$45-billion debt with the multilateral lender, grants
extra breathing room to the government, which said it could not
make the Paris Club payment, according to Buenos Aires Times
Online.

"Prior to the vote of the Executive Board of the International
Monetary Fund, Economy Minister Martin Guzman held a meeting with
the president of the Paris Club, Emmanuel Moulin, in which the
parties agreed on a new extension of the understanding reached in
June 2021," an official statement said, the report relays.

Last year, Argentina agreed with the Paris Club to postpone the
pending payment of some US$2 billion until March 31, 2022, while it
negotiated the rescheduling of its debt with the IMF, the report
discloses.

The payment corresponds to the final tranche of a debt that
Argentina had already renegotiated back in 2014.

"The agreement includes financial guarantees from the Paris Club in
support of the 30-month Extended Facilities program, allowing
Argentina to secure the financial sources identified in the
agreement with the IMF," the Economy Ministry said in a statement,
the report notes.

Argentina's Congress approved an extended fund facilities (EFF)
program with the IMF to restructure its debt, the report relays.

"During the lifespan of the program, Argentina will make partial
payments to [Paris] Club members in proportion to those made to
other bilateral creditors," the statement added.

Once the new EFF agreement is ratified by the IMF's board,
Argentina will receive a first disbursement of about US$9.8
billion, which will allow it to repay a maturity of about US$2.9
billion by March 31 and strengthen international reserves, the
report says.

Although Argentina's gross reserves currently stand at around US$37
billion, liquid reserves are at such critical levels that they do
not allow for due payments to the Paris Club and the IMF to be
made, according to the Central Bank, says the report.

                       About Argentina

Argentina is a country located mostly in the southern half of South
America.  Its capital is Buenos Aires. Alberto Angel Fernandez is
the current president of Argentina after winning the October 2019
general election. He succeeded Mauricio Macri in the position.

Argentina has the third largest economy in Latin America.  The
country's economy is an upper middle-income economy for fiscal year
2019, according to the World Bank. Historically, however, its
economic performance has been very uneven, with high economic
growth alternating with severe recessions, income maldistribution
and in the recent decades, increasing poverty.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Argentina stands at CCC+ with
stable outlook, which was a rating upgrade issued on Sept. 8,
2020.

Moody's credit rating for Argentina was last set at Ca on Sept.
28, 2020.  Fitch's credit rating for Argentina was last reported on
Sept. 11, 2020 at CCC, which was a rating upgrade from CC.  DBRS'
credit rating for Argentina is CCC, given on Sept. 11, 2020.  

As reported by The Troubled Company Reporter - Latin American, DBRS
noted that the recent upgrade in Argentina's ratings (September
2020) follows the closing of two debt restructuring agreements
between the Argentine government and private creditors.  The first
restructuring involved $65 billion in foreign-law bonds.  The deal
achieved the requisite participation necessary to trigger the
collective action clauses and finalize the restructuring on 99% on
the aggregate principal outstanding of eligible bonds.  DBRS added
that the debt restructurings conclude a prolonged default and
provide the government with substantial principal and interest
payment relief over the next four years.

Argentina obtained on March 25, 2022, approval from the Executive
Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) of a 30-month
extended arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF)
amounting to SDR 31.914 billion (equivalent to US$44 billion).
Under the new terms, Argentina secured a much-needed grace period
that postpones repayment of its debt. However, IMF warned that the
risks to the program are exceptionally high.



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B R A Z I L
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LOJAS AMERICANAS: Fitch Withdraws 'BB' Foreign Currency IDR
-----------------------------------------------------------
Fitch Ratings has withdrawn the ratings of Lojas Americanas S.A.
(Lojas Americanas) as it no longer exists after the group's
corporate reorganization. Accordingly, Fitch will no longer provide
ratings or analytical coverage for Lojas Americanas.

At the time of the withdrawal, Lojas Americanas' Foreign Currency
(FC) Issuer Default Rating (IDR) was 'BB', its Local Currency (LC)
IDR was 'BB+', and its Long-Term National Scale Rating was
'AAA(bra)'. The Rating Outlook for the LC IDR and the Long-Term
National Scale Rating was Stable, and the Outlook for the FC IDR
was Negative.

Fitch continues to rate Americanas S.A. (Americanas). Fitch rates
Americanas' FC IDR 'BB', LC IDR 'BB+', and Long-Term National Scale
Rating 'AAA(bra)'. The Outlook for the LC IDR and the Long-Term
National Rating is Stable, and the Outlook for the FC IDR is
Negative. The company's USD500 million bond issued through B2W
Digital Lux S.a.r.l. and USD500 million bond issued through JSM
Global S.a r.l. are rated 'BB'.

The ratings have been withdrawn as Lojas Americanas no longer
exists.

KEY RATING DRIVERS

Key rating drivers do not apply as the ratings have been
withdrawn.

BEST/WORST CASE RATING SCENARIO

International scale credit ratings of Non-Financial Corporate
issuers have a best-case rating upgrade scenario (defined as the
99th percentile of rating transitions, measured in a positive
direction) of three notches over a three-year rating horizon; and a
worst-case rating downgrade scenario (defined as the 99th
percentile of rating transitions, measured in a negative direction)
of four notches over three years. The complete span of best- and
worst-case scenario credit ratings for all rating categories ranges
from 'AAA' to 'D'. Best- and worst-case scenario credit ratings are
based on historical performance.

ESG CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise disclosed in this section, the highest level of
ESG credit relevance is a score of '3'. This means ESG issues are
credit-neutral or have only a minimal credit impact on the entity,
either due to their nature or the way in which they are being
managed by the entity.

Following the withdrawal of ratings for Lojas Americanas Fitch will
no longer be providing the associated ESG Relevance Scores.



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C H I L E
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LATAM AIRLINES: Process Moves Forward After Disclosures Okayed
--------------------------------------------------------------
Daniel Martinez Garbuno of Simple Flying reports that South
American carrier LATAM is making progress with the Court and can
begin the solicitation process to get the approval on its Plan of
Reorganization.

LATAM is eyeing to exit its Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings in
the second half of 2022.

LATAM Airlines Group is moving forward with its Chapter 11
bankruptcy process. The group's Disclosure Statement was
approved in the United States. In the last few months, the company
filed five revised documents concerning its Plan of Reorganization
(first filed on November 26, 2021), and now it is ready to move on
to the next stage, gathering votes in favor.

The resolution of the US Bankruptcy Court establishes that the
documentation provided by LATAM is sufficient to allow the group
to
commence solicitation of votes. During this process, LATAM will
seek approval of the Plan from its creditors. LATAM is the last
remaining Latin American carrier in Chapter 11; Avianca exited in
2021, and Aeromexico did the same.

LATAM will begin the process of soliciting votes to approve the
Plan shortly and has until May 2, 2022, to seek the approval of the
Plan.

On May 17 and 18, 2022, the Court will evaluate LATAM's Plan of
Reorganization. This is the last milestone of the bankruptcy
process in the United States, after which the airline will
officially announce its exit from Chapter 11.

                          LATAM's funding

Last third week of March 2022, LATAM filed (and received approval)
of a new amended and restated debtor-in-possession financing
proposal. The new proposal enables LATAM to access US$3.7 billion
in liquidity and refinance its DIP loan agreement.

Additionally, the Court also approved LATAM's backstop agreement
supporting the Plan, which includes approximately US$5.4 billion in
committed funds.

Upon the emergence of its Chapter 11 process, LATAM would have a
total debt of approximately US$7.26 billion and liquidity of about
US$2.67 billion. In a statement, LATAM said that these amounts have
been determined as "a conservative debt load and appropriate
liquidity" in a period of continued uncertainty for global
aviation.

                Challenges and opportunities ahead

LATAM Airlines Group has stated that the financial performance of
the company post-COVID is heavily dependent on economic conditions
in the countries in which it operates.

The airline added, "Passenger and cargo demand is heavily cyclical
and highly dependent on global and local economic growth, economic
expectations, and foreign exchange rate variations, among other
things. In the past, LATAM's business has been adversely affected
by global economic recessionary conditions, weak economic growth in
Chile, recessions in Brazil and Argentina, and poor economic
performance in certain emerging market countries."

The COVID-19 pandemic continues as a factor that could adversely
impact LATAM's business. Nonetheless, LATAM has seen a favorable
recovery in the last few months.

For March 2022, the group estimates a passenger operation of up to
67% compared to the same month of 2019.  Colombia and Brazil's
domestic operations are driving LATAM's recovery; both have
estimated operational levels above 2019 (165% and 101%,
respectively). Cargo is also flying strong, with a 100% operational
recovery this month.

Additionally, the airline recently announced it expects to receive
70 Airbus A320neo and two Boeing 787-9 aircraft in the next seven
years. The deliveries dates are scheduled through 2028.

                     About LATAM Airlines

LATAM Airlines Group S.A. -- http://www.latam.com/-- is a
pan-Latin American airline holding company involved in the
transportation of passengers and cargo and operates as one unified
business enterprise.   

LATAM Airlines Group S.A. is the largest passenger airline in South
America. Before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, LATAM offered
passenger transport services to 145 different destinations in 26
countries, including domestic flights in Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, and international services within Latin
America as well as to Europe, the United States, the Caribbean,
Oceania, Asia and Africa.

LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and its 28 affiliates sought Chapter 11
protection (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. Lead Case No. 20-11254) on May 25,
2020. Affiliates in Chile, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and the United
States are part of the Chapter 11 filing.

The Debtors disclosed $21,087,806,000 in total assets and
$17,958,629,000 in total liabilities as of Dec. 31, 2019.

The Hon. James L. Garrity, Jr., is the case judge.

The Debtors tapped Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP as general
bankruptcy counsel; FTI Consulting as restructuring advisor; and
Togut, Segal & Segal LLP and Claro & Cia in Chile as special
counsel. Prime Clerk LLC is the claims agent.




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C O S T A   R I C A
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COSTA RICA: Gets $284 Million Loan Disbursement From IMF
---------------------------------------------------------
The IMF Executive Board concluded the combined first and second
reviews under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) for Costa Rica,
allowing for an immediate disbursement equivalent to about US$284
million.

The Costa Rican authorities have made important progress under
their economic reform program supported by the IMF over the last
year. Sustained reform efforts remain critical to strengthen the
economy resilience to shocks and to foster inclusive and sustained
growth and job creation.

The extension of the EFF arrangement will provide additional time
for the incoming administration to design and implement reforms
under the IMF-supported program.

                    IMF Statement

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
completed the First and Second Reviews of Costa Rica's economic
reform program supported by the IMF's extended arrangement under
the Extended Fund Facility (EFF). Completion of these reviews makes
available SDR 206.23 million (about US$ 284 million), bringing
total disbursements under the arrangement to SDR 412.57 million
(about US$ 569 million). The Executive Board also approved an
extension of the arrangement by five months, until July 31, 2024,
and a rephrasing of access.

Costa Rica's three-year extended arrangement was approved on March
1, 2021, in the amount of SDR 1.23749 billion (US$1.778 billion or
335 percent of quota in the IMF at the time of approval of the
arrangement. See Press Release No. 21/53 ).

Following the Executive Board's discussion on Costa Rica, Mr. Kenji
Okamura, Deputy Managing Director and Acting Chair of the Board,
issued the following statement:

"The Costa Rican authorities have made important progress under the
IMF-supported program, including a strong fiscal overperformance in
2021 and major advances in strengthening the efficiency and
fairness of the public administration.

"While the proactive response to the COVID-19 shock and sustained
export performance have supported a robust recovery, the economic
outlook remains subject to important global risks posed by the
pandemic as well as higher commodity prices and tighter global
financial conditions. It is therefore important to build on recent
progress to ensure debt sustainability, maintain monetary and
financial stability, and promote inclusive, green, and sustainable
growth.

"Sustained fiscal consolidation under the fiscal rule remains a
priority, while continuing to allocate adequate resources to
protect the most vulnerable. Further efforts are needed to enhance
revenue mobilization and public financial management.

"The Central Bank of Costa Rica (BCCR) provided key support in
buffering the COVID-19 shock. Given the stronger inflation outlook,
the ongoing withdrawal of monetary accommodation is warranted, in
line with the BCCR's data-dependent and forward-looking approach,
supported by continued exchange rate flexibility. Ongoing steps to
further enhance the BCCR's law will underscore its operational
autonomy and governance. The central bank's roadmap to integrate
climate change considerations into its core activities is
commendable.

"The financial system has shown resilience throughout the pandemic
due to supportive monetary policy and a proactive approach to
monitoring risks and updating contingency plans. Ongoing efforts to
monitor credit risks, enhance the crisis management framework and
incentivize de-dollarization remain critical.

"The authorities should press ahead with their ambitious reform
agenda to promote an inclusive and green economy, creating
high-quality jobs, for which greater formalization and
digitalization, financial inclusion, women's economic empowerment,
and the transition to a lower carbon economic model will be
instrumental. The extension of the current EFF arrangement will
provide additional time for the incoming administration to design
and implement reforms under the IMF-supported program."




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D O M I N I C A N   R E P U B L I C
===================================

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Foreign Labor Sustains Agriculture Sector
-------------------------------------------------------------
Dominican Today reports that given the lack of interest shown by
Dominicans to work in the agricultural sector, producers are forced
to hire undocumented labor to continue producing.

Farm owners are aware that they are violating the law, but they
assure that the General Directorate of Immigration does not
expedite the legalization process, according to Dominican Today.

"In the Dominican Republic, work permits have always been given via
the Interior and Police; This card is renewed from time to time.
But, for example: they haven't been renewed for two years, so those
that are, are expired, and when immigration or the guards finds
them, they take them away," said Marcos Rodriguez, president of the
Northwest Rice Producers Association, the report notes.

The general secretary of the National Federation of Rice Growers
(Fenarroz) told Diario Libre that, when the banana harvest is in
process, the situation is complicated because they must comply with
a schedule to pack and take the boxes to the port to export them,
the report adds.

                   About Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic is a Caribbean nation that shares the island
of Hispaniola with Haiti to the west. Capital city Santo Domingo
has Spanish landmarks like the Gothic Catedral Primada de America
dating back 5 centuries in its Zona Colonial district. Luis Rodolfo
Abinader Corona is the current president of the nation.

TCRLA reported in April 2019 that the Dominican Today related that
Juan Del Rosario of the UASD Economic Faculty cited a current
economic slowdown for the Dominican Republic and cautioned that if
the trend continues, growth would reach only 4% by 2023. Mr. Del
Rosario said that if that happens, "we'll face difficulties in
meeting international commitments."

An ongoing concern in the Dominican Republic is the inability of
participants in the electricity sector to establish financial
viability for the system.

Fitch Ratings, in December 2021, revised the Outlook on Dominican
Republic's Long-Term Foreign-Currency Issuer Default Rating (IDR)
to Stable from Negative and affirmed the IDRs at 'BB-'.  The
revision of the Outlook to Stable reflects the narrowing of
Dominican Republic's government deficit and financing needs since
Fitch's last review resulting in the stabilization of the
government debt/GDP ratio, as well as the investment-driven
economic momentum, reflected in the faster-than-expected economic
recovery in 2021 that Fitch expects to carry into above-potential
GDP growth during 2022 and 2023.

Standard & Poor's, also in December 2021, revised its outlook on
the Dominican Republic to stable from negative.  S&P also affirmed
its 'BB-' long-term foreign and local currency sovereign credit
ratings and its 'B' short-term sovereign credit ratings.  The
stable outlook reflects S&P's expectation of continued favorable
GDP growth and policy continuity over the next 12 to 18 months that
will likely stabilize the government's debt burden, despite lack of
progress with broader tax reforms, S&P said.  A rapid economic
recovery from the downturn because of the pandemic should mitigate
external and fiscal risks.

Moody's affirmed the Dominican Republic's long-term issuer and
senior unsecured ratings at Ba3 and maintained the stable outlook
in March 2021.




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E C U A D O R
=============

[*] ECUADOR: National Assembly Rejects Investment Law
-----------------------------------------------------
Rio Times Online reports that Ecuador's National Assembly voted
against the Investment Attraction, Stock Market Strengthening, and
Digital Transformation Law proposed by the Ecuadorian president.

The project promoted by President Guillermo Lasso was rejected with
the votes of 87 assembly members from opposition parties, almost
double the 44 who favored the initiative, while three others voted
in abstention, according to Rio Times Online.

The bill was met with strong rejection and distrust from Ecuador's
opposition parties and social and indigenous movements, the report
relays.




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P A N A M A
===========

ENA NORTE: S&P Affirms 'BB+' Rating on $600MM Notes, Outlook Stable
-------------------------------------------------------------------
S&P Global Ratings revised the outlook on its rating on ENA Norte
Trust's $600 million notes to stable from negative and affirmed its
'BB+' rating.

S&P said, "The stable outlook reflects our expectation that traffic
should recover to above 90% of 2019 levels this year and to 100% in
2023, allowing the project to fully repay its debt before legal
maturity. The outlook also reflects our expectations under our
downside-case scenario, the project would surpass a five-year down
cycle without using liquidity reserves, but it would use its debt
service reserve account (DSRA) in order to fully repay its notes at
maturity.

"The outlook revision reflects the project's adequate operating and
financial performance in 2021, as well as our expectations of a
steady recovery in traffic levels in 2022 and reaching pre-pandemic
levels in 2023. In 2021, the project paid about $22 million of the
debt's outstanding amount, above our expectations of $15 million -
$20 million. We now expect ENA Norte could prepay the total
outstanding debt by July 2027, three quarters before its legal
maturity on April 2028.

"The rating affirmation reflects our expectation that ENA Norte
will maintain a solid financial performance, posting minimum and
average debt service coverage ratios (DSCRs) of about 3.6x and 10x,
respectively, which we calculate based on interest payments. In
addition, we have kept the project's downside scenario in the 'bbb'
category, which continues to limit the rating. Although we consider
that ENA Norte can surpass a five-year down cycle scenario without
using its liquidity reserves, we don't see enough cushion for a
comfortable debt repayment at maturity under our downside-case
scenario.

"Even though traffic is recovering in line with our expectations,
the project's performance has rebounded from the pandemic-related
disruption at a slower pace than other toll roads in the region.
Therefore, we've revised downward our assessment on ENA Norte's
competitive position to fair from satisfactory, which has no impact
on the rating. Traffic recovery at ENA Norte in 2021 reached
approximately 75% of 2019 levels, which we believe reflected less
time sensitiveness from users than we previously expected, given
that traffic levels on other toll roads in Chile and those in
Mexico in 2021 have reached above 90% of 2019 levels. Nevertheless,
ENA Norte relies heavily on commuters, because they represent above
95% of the toll road's traffic, which we continue to view as a
credit strength."




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P A R A G U A Y
===============

PARAGUAY: To Compensate Fuel Prices With Taxes
----------------------------------------------
Rio Times Online reports that on March 24, the Paraguayan Senate
approved a bill for selling fuels at low prices by compensating
these costs with taxes on fuel imports.

The initiative establishes these conditions for common diesel and
93-octane gasoline and empowers the government to increase the tax
rate to amortize these costs, according to Rio Times Online.

As reported in the Troubled Company Reporter-Latin America on Jan.
25, 2022, S&P Global Ratings assigned its 'BB' issue rating to
Paraguay's US$500.6 million notes due 2033, at a 3.849% interest
rate. The rating on the notes is the same as the long-term foreign
currency sovereign credit rating on Paraguay (BB/Stable/B).


                           *********


S U B S C R I P T I O N   I N F O R M A T I O N

Troubled Company Reporter-Latin America is a daily newsletter
co-published by Bankruptcy Creditors' Service, Inc., Fairless
Hills, Pennsylvania, USA, and Beard Group, Inc., Washington, D.C.,
USA, Marites O. Claro, Joy A. Agravante, Rousel Elaine T.
Fernandez, Julie Anne L. Toledo, Ivy B. Magdadaro, and Peter A.
Chapman, Editors.

Copyright 2022.  All rights reserved.  ISSN 1529-2746.

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